Sublevel zero redux is a roguelite sixdegreeoffreedom shooter set in a universe where reality is falling apart. Example of stopes with 2 drilling tunnels per sublevel. Pdf sublevel stoping underground mining methods researchgate. In physics, sublevels may also refer to energies associated with the nucleus. Sublevel caving technique free download as pdf file pdf or read online for free an underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels the ore is then drilled and blasted using longholes between levels, often in a. The method is still used in a handful of nonmechanised mines in south america, africa, asia and canada. Underground mining methods and applications production headframe hans hamrin 1. The cerro lindo mine is the largest underground mine in peru, currently mining more than 20,000 tonnes day. Stoping is used when the country rock is sufficiently strong not to collapse into the stope, although in most cases artificial support is also provided. Sublevel stoping at a large underground quarry semantic scholar. Description download sublevel stoping kelompok 3 oke.
Underground hard rock mining refers to various underground mining techniques used to excavate hard minerals, usually those containing metals such as ore containing gold, silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead, but also involves using the same techniques for excavating ores of gems such as diamonds or rubies. Design and dimensioning of sublevel stoping for extraction. You can earn a 5% commission by selling geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping on your website. It sometimes is referred to as longhole or blasthole stoping. In this method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. Mining methods and method selection snu open courseware. Pdf sublevel stoping at a large underground quarry. The sublevel stoping method was used with paste backfill, which had been experiencing overexcavation issues at the hangingwall and the front wall of the stopes. Oct 22, 2014 sublevel stoping underground mining methods 1. Proceedings of the twentieth international symposium on the application of computers and mathematics in the mineral industries. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and work force experience.
Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. All relevant design perimeters of the area to be mined were taken into consideration. Sublevel stoping mining methods are generally employed to extract steeply dipping tabular ore deposits characterized by relatively long strikes and having various thicknesses. Introduction the sublevel stoping mining method is usually applied to a relatively steeply dipping, competent ore body, surrounded by competent wall rock. Sub level stoping by jose cifuentes orellana on prezi. Physical work is reduced and it is easier to motivate the workforce. The design examples used in this dissertation is based on the o640, l651 and n659. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and sublevel. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping 1st edition. Reduce file size while optimizing for maximal pdf quality. Sublevel stoping is one of the most useful underground mining methods in steeply dipping hardrock ore bodies. Three different variations of sublevel stoping are practiced 1. Ore is produced by drilling and blasting longholes, which can range from 50 mm 2 in.
Sublevel stoping generally is a largescale open stoping method. Click download or read online button to get geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping book now. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs sandvik. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a partic. The first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping presents topics according to the conventional sublevel stoping process used by most mining houses, in which a sublevel stoping geometry is chosen for a particular mining method, equipment availability, and wo. What is the difference between sublevel stopping and. If we add the number of electrons that each sublevel holds it looks like this.
Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary the first section gives an overview of underg round mining methods and practices as used commonly in underground mines, including classification of underground mining. Its characteristic feature is the use of sublevels. In vertical retreat mining the stope does not take the shape of a vertical slot. Igag cnr, torino italy 2 nitrex srl, sirmione bs, italy 3 politecnico di torino ditag, italy 4 unicalce, sedrina bg, italy. Use your gunship to loot and craft ancient technology and fight in zerog through a vast, procedurally generated underground facility to recover the technology you need to escape alive. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping, ernesto. The selection of the type of backfill is a substantial. The objective here is to present a design methodology applicable to sublevel open stoping, but also to then bridge the gap between theory and practice by applying said methodology to an actual design example. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping download. Bighole stoping method bighole stoping is an upscaled variant of sublevel open stoping, using longer, largerdiameter dth blastholes, ranging from 140 mm to 165 mm. Sublevel open stoping originated in the early 1900s in iron ore mines in michigan, usa.
Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian mining. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1.
Feb 10, 2018 black diamond drilling services australia database. Harraz presentation sublevel stoping 3 conditions for application of the deposit. Mar 23, 2020 download sublevel stoping kelompok 3 oke. The mine is currently operating at 1150ml using sublevel mining method for copper ore bodies extraction. Dilution and instability at the stope hanging wall hw can significantly increase mining operation costs. Sublevel stopingunderground mining methods slideshare. After youre setup, your website can earn you money while you work, play or even sleep. Ore is recovered from each sublevel in a planned sequence of primary and secondary stopes with delayed backfill in a manner to create a stress shadow to avoid high stress. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel. Economic comparison of drilling systems in sublevel stoping method. Sublevel stoping, sublevel caving, topslicing, and blockcaving require more stope preparation before ore extraction can begin. This mining method can be used at a wide range of depths. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping ebook, 2014. A mining method involving overhand, underhand, and shrinkage stoping.
In this mining method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. Niels bohrs earliest quantum theory said that electrons occupy spherical shells centered on the atomic nucleus, such as the two electron. Sublevel caving technique free download as pdf file hole diameter d. Its easy to get started we will give you example code. For sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping. This method usually is applied to strong ore bodies that require minimal support and are surrounded by strong country rock. Stoping is the process of extracting the desired ore or other mineral from an underground mine, leaving behind an open space known as a stope. Backfill practices for sublevel stoping system springerlink. Parallel drives are developed in the ore on equally spaced levels. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs advantages of this mining method it allows for a low safety and health risk as well as improved working environment.
It was developed over the years from a method originally known as short hole bench and train mining. With the advent of recently developed sophisticated and expensive drilling machines, sublevel stoping has gained renewed advantage over other similar methods. Figure 3 sublevel open stoping method atlas copco, 2007 3. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Sublevel stoping requires a regular shape of stopes and ore boundaries. Evaluation and selection of recoverable reserves in a sublevel stoping mine. Ebook geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping as pdf. Factors influencing stope hanging wall stability and ore. The sublevel open stope method is widely practiced in many canadian mines when extracting thin tabular orebodies. Sublevel open stopping sublevel stoping is a vertical mining method in which a large open stope is create within the vein. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. With the advent of recently developed sophisticated and expensive drilling machines, sublevel stoping has. In sublevel stoping a form of open stoping, ore chutes, manway, and starting raises must be put up and one or more drifts driven on each sublevel fig. Sublevel stoping, cut and fill mining and sublevel caving have generally replaced shrinkage mining in australia, europe and canada.
Generally a large scale open stoping method, it is often referred to as long hole or blast hole stoping. Underground mining machinery glossary bibliography biographical sketches summary. Jul 04, 2017 for sublevel stoping the ore body and walls should be strong enough to support open stoping. However, labor is costly, and manual mining tech niques are inefficient.
The sublevels are connected by a starting raise at one end of the stope and by a passageway raise for. Evaluation and selection of recoverable reserves in a. Section 10 shrinkage methods mike turner australian. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping crc press book. An underground mining method used in large, steeply dipping orebodies where the wall rock is of an incompetent nature. The uppermost sublevel underneath the cover is partly caved. Thus, backfilling is one of the most critical tasks for sublevel stoping mining systems with delayed backfill. Pdf geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping americo.
Black diamond drilling services australia database. It is defined as a concentration of minerals that can be exploited and turned into a saleable product to generate a financially acceptable profit under existing economic conditions. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping crc press. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. This method is used as an alternative to sublevel caving when ore dilution contamination of ore by waste rock is an issue and where fairly competent rock exists. In the quarry considered some features of the production. Soft rock mining refers to excavation of softer minerals such as salt, coal. Blast patterns are similar to sublevel open stoping, but with holes up to 100 m long. To optimize face advance target of 2 m per blast 125 m drilled per single shift 5000 m per month on a double shift basis.
In chemistry, sublevels refer to energies associated with electrons. Sublevel stoping requires a midrange ore grade in order to pay for its development. Production targets the following production targets were set. This open stope is not meant to be occupied by the miners therefore,all work of drilling and must be performed from sublevel within the ore block. Pdf on jan 1, 2005, marilena cardu and others published sublevel stoping at a large underground quarry. The orebody is developed first by a series of sublevel drifts above the main haulage level. There are various critical factors that influence a safe and economic design and dimensioning of a sublevel stoping method for underground extraction of metalliferous deposit. A long hole stoping system for mining narrow platinum reefs. The ore body should be fairly regular in shape and welldefined.
Drilling constitutes an important part of the production process in sublevel stoping method and up to 50% of the total costs can be attributed to this element. This open stope is not meant to be occupied by the miners therefore. Shrinkage mining was a common stoping method prior to mechanised mining and the introduction of hydraulic fill. Design of stopes with a special reference to sublevel open stopping r k sinha, iitism dhanbad the design and selection of a mining method requires a systematic approach, with the dip, size, and shape of an orebody. Geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping top results of your surfing geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to. Kindle,the first comprehensive work on one of the most important underground mining methods worldwide, geotechnical design for sublevel open stoping. The diagram below really shows the overlap of the principal energy levels. Optimising sublevel stoping dimensions in orebodies. Sublevel open stopping virendra suryawanshi 10108en066 2.
1389 1073 526 363 1612 753 1439 1311 1090 641 1179 629 418 177 785 641 210 1372 829 216 1439 905 660 801 1196 1456 443 1125 718 1002 270 1377 508 1586 810 1159 583 686 22 292 629 821 931 1262